African American Civil War And The Period Of Reconstruction

After the Civil War and the period of Reconstruction there were many political, social and economic changes which continued to affect the society. The role of African Americans in society changed after the abolishment of slavery. This new freedom and opportunities were not much greater than before when slavery existed. Despite reconstruction efforts, African Americans faced discrimination. Society as a whole was altered extensively at this time. After the civil war, political changes affected African American lives significantly. African Americans were freed of slavery by the 13th amendment and the 14th amendment guaranteed their citizenship, â€Å"Everyone born or naturalized in the US were granted citizenship and were equal under the law† (Doc 1). After about 250 years of slavery, African Americans were finally free of slavery (Johnson, 2000). Though they were free, they had nowhere to go and no money to spend, â€Å"They were sent away empty-handed, without money, without friends, and without a foot of land to stand upon† (Doc 2). Former owners used their power to place limitations on emancipation. The former slaves had to end up working for their former masters and borrowing land/money from them. As many people disagreed with the decision of the 13th amendment, many hate groups started to appear. Most commonly known group was the KKK founded Tennessee, 1865 (Ku Klux Klan, n.d.). They took it upon themselves to hurt African Americans in various ways, â€Å"People have been drivenShow MoreRelatedReconstruction During The Civil War Essay1676 Words   |  7 PagesReconstruction The United States went through many changes after the Civil War and during the Reconstruction period of 1866-1877. Before Abraham Lincoln was assassinated on December, 1863, by John Wilkes, Lincoln announced the first Reconstruction plan a year before the Civil War had ended and Lincoln offered general amnesty to white southerners who would pledge an oath of loyalty to the government and accept the abolition of slavery. During the summer of 1865, Johnson not long after he took officeRead MoreReconstruction Era1650 Words   |  7 PagesReconstruction 1 The Reconstruction Era Jessica Onken American History Since 1865 Professor Tim Johnston August 2, 2010 Reconstruction 2 The Reconstruction Era The reconstruction era was a difficult time for the African American slaves from 1865 to 1877 because the slaves were freed and there were no jobs for them, had very little or no education, and had very limited opportunity in the south. Reconstruction was one of the most critical periods in American History. The CivilRead MoreOrigin Of And Role Played By Manifest Destiny1323 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States’ population had more than quadrupled and Americans believed God had destined that they span the entire North America from one coast to the other. Although the term â€Å"Manifest Destiny† was used to typify the 1840s American expansionistic exuberance, it can be broadly used to characterize any country’s imperialistic thrusts (Harriet). In this regard, Utah, the indigenous American Indians, faced expansionistic archetypes with the Americans, Spanish imperialists, European and French fur tradersRead MoreEssay on Success of Reconstruction777 Words   |  4 PagesSuccess of Reconstruction Reconstruction was the time period following the Civil War, which lasted from 1865 to 1877, in which the United States began to rebuild. The term can also refer to the process the federal government used to readmit the defeated Confederate states to the Union. While all aspects of Reconstruction were not successful, the main goal of the time period was carried out, making Reconstruction over all successful. During this time, the Confederate states were readmittedRead MoreThe Impact Of The Civil Rights Movement1018 Words   |  5 PagesThe issue of civil rights was a major one throughout the post-Civil War Reconstruction period and remained so throughout the period leading up to the Korean War in the 1960s. The civil rights struggle was caused largely by southern states’ treatment of African Americans. Slavery was a rampant practice in the pre-Civil War south, and even those African Americans who managed to obtain their freedom were not treated as equals to other citizens i n the southern states. Free black men did not have theRead MoreReconstruction in America971 Words   |  4 PagesThe period of reconstruction in the south was a period of social reconstruction on a scale not previously seen in American history. The Reconstruction era occurred after the Civil War period, and lasted from 1864 to 1877. The Reconstruction period brought upon an era of Martial Law, a change of social consciousness towards slavery and the rights of African Americans, a New South with closer ties to the North. Emancipated Slaves, Northerners, and White Southerners all had different opinions towardsRead MoreThe Reconstruction After The Civil War977 Words   |  4 Pagesend to start something new. One such movement was the Reconstruction. Reconstruction was a time period between 1865 and 1877 following the Civil War, during which people of the United States worked to put the country back together again, introducing a new set of significant challenges. Though, like all thin gs in life, it did come to an end, the resulting outcome had been labeled both a success and a failure. The Reconstruction after the Civil War consisted of failures as well as successes. DespiteRead MoreThe Civil War And Reconstruction977 Words   |  4 Pagescalled the Reconstruction period â€Å"America’s Second Revolution†, his characterization was correct. Reconstruction can be viewed as a revolution because the previous social order, slavery, was replaced suddenly by a more favorable one, freedom for African-Americans. There was a long period of politicization for incorporating free African-Americans into white society. Reconstruction also revolutionized the preconceived notion that the states had autonomous power. The Civil War and Reconstruction were revolutionaryRead MoreThe Reconstruction Era During The Civil War1370 Words   |  6 PagesThe Reconstruction Era beginning in 1865 marked the period where white men and recently freed African Americans quarreled over the concept of equality on the basis of race as well as where freedom extended to. After the Civil War, there was a power struggle between the Republican and Democratic parties as they had extremely distinct ideas on whether African Americans should be free and hold citizen rights. African Americans were able to achieve citizenship as well as have equality through the 14thRead MoreHow Important Was the Reconstruction Period of 1865-1877 in the Development of African American Civil Rights797 Words   |  4 PagesThe end of the civil war should’ve marked a major turning point for the position of African Americans. The north’s victory marked the end of slavery and in addition, the fourteenth and fifteenth amendment gua ranteed African Americans full civil and political equality. However, the end of the civil war and the beginning of the reconstruction era was seen a ‘false dawn for the slaves in the former confederacy and border states. 1865 saw the creation of the freedman bureau to provide food, shelter

Personal And Academic Experience At My Bachelor Degree

Introduction Throughout the course at my Bachelor degree, I have realised that communication skill is crucial aspect for any beginnings especially if you are taking this course in different language. Good communication skills is the most important factor to choose an employee. I made a plan for three years in advance; the main objective was to receive Master’s degree qualification. That time I already knew English (Upper-intermediate level), yet there were certain skills that I had to learn and develop, and the communication skill was the first step. Career objective Advance communication skills, which includes: †¢ Assertiveness †¢ Problem Solving †¢ Verbal Communication Skills Identification Personal and academic experiences Throughout my master’s degree, I have found difficult to open conversation, as it was hard for me to express myself even though I knew all words. I always used to end up saying what I did not want to say. Even when I worked with teams, I would say two sentences to explain what I want, where some of my colleague would describe it in two words. My course is in International Business Management, it acquires a lot of talking and writing. Therefore, I was frustrated and I started feeling that destroyed socially at university and at my future career. Furthermore, during my presentation preparation my colleagues and me were meeting our mentor, there I realised that I was struggling to describe the main point of the project itself, makingShow MoreRelatedModule 1 SLP; Review Education pays: The Benefits of Higher Education for Individuals and Society902 Words   |  4 Pagesbachelor’s degree improve your: Long-term financial outlook? As a bachelor degree holder working full time for 40 years I will earn an average of 65% more than high school gradulates. Job Satisfaction? As a bachelor degree holder I will enjoy making more money and feel that will be an assentive to working harder. I was a very hard worker at my last job making less money so with making more I will feel Im getting the pay Im am worth wit the attached education. Health? As a bachelor degreeRead More My personal Goals Essay882 Words   |  4 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The personal goals that I want to achieve as a student of the University of Phoenix are in the education and career areas of my life. In my education, my major goal is to gain knowledge in computers and network administration, eventually culminating in a Bachelor of Science in Information Technology. I also wish to strengthen my grammar and interpersonal skills. In my career, my goal is to either advance from my current career as a paralegal to that of an office managerRead MoreMy Personal Goals Essay914 Words   |  4 PagesThe personal goals that I want to achieve as a student of the University of Phoenix are in the education and career areas of my life. 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Alcohol and its Effects on the Human Body Free Essays

The Campral website mentions that about 17. 6 million drinkers in the U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Alcohol and its Effects on the Human Body or any similar topic only for you Order Now are considered alcoholics, or at least experience drinking problems to a certain degree. With the country’s current population being listed by the U. S. Census Bureau site at 303,963,066 people, this would amount to a staggering figure of 1 in 20 Americans finding trouble with this type of substance abuse. Drinking alcohol does not automatically qualify an individual as an alcoholic. While many would identify two to four types of drinkers, the Alcohol Treatment Clinics site was able to classify individuals who drink alcohol under six classes. These are health drinkers, social or responsible drinkers, problem or irresponsible drinkers, under aged drinkers, binge drinkers and alcoholics. The first type of drinker or health drinkers, would typically consume alcohol for health-related reasons. They are moderate drinkers who usually prefer to drink red wine, which is widely- known for its benefits to the cardiovascular system. One example would be the French people whose healths have often been linked to their dietary habits that include wine. Social or responsible drinkers are those individuals who drink alcohol only during particular occasions. They engage in drinking to be able to interact or socialize with the group. They do not regard alcohol highly, but think of it as just an addition to meals. Their consumption of alcohol is done at a leisurely pace and they would never combine drinking with risky behavior such as driving. Working professionals who drink to have a feeling of belongingness and to facilitate conversations with coworkers in corporate parties or events easily come as an example for this category. On the other hand, problem drinkers would be the polar opposite of social drinkers. They can become very obnoxious and angry once they are drunk. Sometimes, they experience a loss of memory with regards to the events that transpired during their drinking session. This type of drinker does not have a definitive stereotype, and most probably could be described as an individual who â€Å"transforms† or â€Å"morphs† drastically when drunk. Their behavior when drunk might stand in stark contrast to their normal sober behavior. A specific type of problem drinker would be under aged drinkers. This classification was created due to the differences in the physical and psychological states of these individuals as compared to older people. Legal action may also arise for those individuals under this classification. The legal age for drinking is generally pegged at 21 in the United States, with exceptions made for cases covering health and religious reasons. Binge drinkers can go without alcohol for long periods of time. However, they tend to overindulge themselves during the times that they do drink. Some problems that can be caused by binge drinking are alcohol poisoning, uncontrollable mood swings and eventual alcohol dependency or alcoholism. In terms of their behavior, they may act either as problem or social drinkers. Although aggressive behaviors as well as the usual symptoms of being drunk may or may not be exhibited by this group, a high possibility of causing severe damage to the liver and other health issues remains a great threat for them. Alcoholics have no control over their drinking habits. They often turn to alcohol to be able to deal with problems and drink an excessive amount of strong alcoholic drinks regularly. Because of this, they would often find it hard to function in other aspects of their lives, such as in their jobs. Their relationships with significant people in their lives may also take the backseat in their list of priorities. People who regularly face problems and turn to alcohol to â€Å"drown† them as well as those experiencing regular episodes of depression seeking to find â€Å"euphoric† feelings may turn into alcoholics, especially when they become reliant on the substance to derive that desired state. Those people who continuously indulge in alcohol for whatever other reason or at other levels, may also be candidates to becoming alcoholics as well. Some argue that this is due to the genes that a person carries. In its website, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism was also able to identify four major symptoms which characterize alcoholism. The first sign would be the presence of strong cravings or urges to drink within an individual. Next would be a person’s inability to halt drinking once he or she has engaged in this activity. Upon stopping drinking, an individual may also suffer several withdrawal symptoms such as nausea and shakiness, collectively termed as â€Å"physical dependence†. Lastly, an increase in tolerance for these substances often results to alcohol dependents drinking greater amounts of alcohol to induce euphoric or â€Å"high† feelings. Reactions to alcohol may vary from one afflicted individual to the next. Alcoholics may become angry and argumentative, depressed, quiet or withdrawn. They may also feel tense, sad, anxious or confused. Alcoholism, like any other illness, may strike at any age. These individuals may be aware of the consequences of alcoholism, but the compulsion to drink within them often overpowers them, so they just can’t stop drinking. Alcohol becomes the most important part of their lives. It totally consumes them so that all their thoughts and actions somehow become associated with alcohol. Alcohol has direct toxic as well as sedative effects on the body. When coupled with an individual’s failure to take care of his or her nutritional and physical needs during prolonged periods of excessive drinking, matters are further complicated. The effects on major organ systems are cumulative, which also includes several disorders for the digestive system. Blackouts, hallucinations, and extreme tremors may be experienced by the alcoholic. Aside from occasional emotional instability or â€Å"mood swings†, permanent damage to other systems such as the cardiovascular and nervous systems may also be induced in alcoholics (Mack, Franklin and Frances 109). The organ most probably vulnerable to damage would be the liver, since this is where alcohol breakdown takes place. If constantly left to the task of removing alcohol from the blood, the liver may eventually become worn out. This may hinder the liver from properly performing its usual duty of removing other harmful substances in the body. One of the most dangerous diseases of the liver caused by long-term alcohol use is cirrhosis of the liver. Cirrhosis causes the liver to become inflamed and scarred, which leads to the destruction of the liver and eventually the person’s death (Mack, Franklin and Frances 109). Alcohol also affects a person’s cardiovascular and circulatory systems. It causes an increase in blood pressure, which makes the heart pump harder to be able to circulate blood around the body properly. This may cause an increase in heart rate while at the same time reducing the heart muscle’s pumping capabilities. Abnormal heart rhythms may also be developed due to severe alcohol consumption. In fact, long-term and heavy use of alcohol may cause a condition of the heart called alcoholic cardiomyopathy. The consumption of alcohol reduces the effectiveness of heart muscles to contract and may eventually lead to heart failure (Snyder 39). Lack of blood flow resulting from this condition may also lead to multiple organ system failure. One’s nervous system is also not spared from the damage. Doctor Salomon Snyder states that â€Å"alcohol’s action on the brain is what causes people to feel intoxicated. A sudden intake of large amounts of alcohol may result in death because nerve impulses to the brain are dangerously blocked. Alcohol also has an increasing effect on our brain chemistry, which causes our behavior to change. This can make people do things that they would not do when they are sober† (37). Over time, heavy drinking may cause permanent damage to the central nervous system. Drinking even a small amount of alcohol can make you sleepy, confused, uncoordinated and unsteady. Heavy drinking can cause or worsen urinary incontinence, problems with walking, depression, sleep disturbances, memory loss, high blood pressure, and bleeding in the digestive tract (Snyder 40). Some other observations on alcohol usage according to the Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Drugs, include its immense effect on our brain. This results in difficulty walking, poor balance, and slurring of speech. At higher alcohol levels, a person’s breathing and heart rate will also be slowed and vomiting may occur. Alcohol is also known to cause sleep disturbances. Numbness and tingling sensations may also occur in the arms and legs due to the low thiamine levels (38). Most people see alcoholism as a disease closely related to males. It is shown by the figures however, that as many as half of the nation’s alcoholics are actually women. The reason why most female alcoholics cannot be seen is that they are usually closet drinkers. You rarely see women exhibiting behavior associated with alcoholism in public, while this phenomenon may be more readily observable for men. It is actually easier for a woman alcoholic to damage her body than it is for a man. The physical damage is aggravated since women generally wait longer to seek help since the society places a greater stigma on women than on men with regards to this. The livers of women are not as capable of processing alcohol when compared to those of men. This makes women alcoholics susceptible to developing liver problems with lower levels of alcohol in their bodies and after shorter periods of drinking (Snyder 62). The presence of large amounts of alcohol in women may interfere with fertility by upsetting the hormones in their body and can increase the chances of a miscarriage. Women alcoholics who become pregnant may cause damage to the fetus in their wombs, which is called fetal alcohol syndrome. It can cause complications such as physical deformities and mental retardation (Labtestsonline). Elizabeth Somer claims that â€Å"women are more susceptible to tissue damage from elevated alcohol levels and have an increased risk for breast cancer, osteoporosis and dementia† (224). She goes on to mention that over 60 health problems can be linked to this addiction, including damage to the digestive, cardiovascular and nervous systems. The mechanism has yet to be determined on why alcohol is considered a carcinogenic or cancer-causing substance, but most theories point to alcohol’s tendency to increase the amount of estrogen present in a woman’s body. Increased levels of this hormone have been linked to occurrences of cancer. People suffering from alcohol dependency perceive indulging in alcohol consumption as a necessity. Problems of whatever nature in their lives are ignored by these individuals so long as they can persist in their drinking. Thus, people afflicted with the disease often find themselves hindered from achieving their full potential as productive members of the society. By continuing in this sort of behavior, these individuals might go on to create not only problems for themselves, but also for others around them. Alcohol causes a change in brain chemistry which results in changes in behavior such as increased aggression and reduced fear which may lead us to take needless risks. Alcohol can cause people to be rude, verbally abusive, and physically threatening. This is because some people turn to alcohol to express hostile feelings that they wouldn’t be able to express when they are sober. These factors almost always lead to trouble or confrontations with people around the alcohol dependent, including complete strangers. Perhaps no other scenario presents this more clearly than when people drive while under the influence of alcohol. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website, an individual was killed in alcohol-related car crashes about every half-hour, while injuries occurred every two minutes during 2005. Half of roughly 400 children riding with the drunk driver dying during that span died. Overall, alcohol-related motor vehicle deaths amounted for about 40% of the total traffic-related deaths for 2005. These crashes amount to about 51 billion dollars lost each year. Alcohol alone does not cause alcoholism, because if it did, everyone who drank would be an alcoholic. There are a number of factors that lead to alcoholism. Some scientists support the argument that becoming an alcoholic is purely the result of an individual’s genetics. Because of genetics, people tend to inherit an inability to handle alcohol, just like other people inherit other diseases from their parents (Niaaa. nih. gov). This may explain why alcoholism seems to run in families from generation to generation, and why some people become alcoholics from the first time they drink. Aside from one’s genetics, one also cannot discount the role of one’s environment as well as the lifestyle one engages in. If children were exposed to drinking with drinkers who were careful and moderate for example, they would be more likely to become responsible drinkers. However, if they grew up seeing heavy alcohol use they would be more likely to also engage in that act also. Children that are exposed to a large amount of peer pressure from the kids around them also increase their likelihood of drinking. Some may start out as social drinkers who are able to control their drinking, but they may lose this control and be carried away, eventually becoming alcoholics themselves (Alcoholtreatmentclinics. com). Alcoholism seems to run in families. Although there is nothing conclusive, some studies have shown that all alcoholics have had a close alcoholic relative (Snyder 100). Like many drug abusers, alcoholics often drink hoping to â€Å"drown† feelings of anxiousness or depression. Some drink to reduce strong inhibitions or guilt about expressing negative feelings. The first, and probably one of the most difficult things that an alcoholic must do, is come to an admission that they have a problem. It is unlikely that they will be first to admit it, and they may usually deny that they are being controlled by their addiction. With their inability to discern things for themselves, other individuals such as close friends or relatives may sometimes have to take the initiative in reporting potential alcoholics. The difficulty with this lies in the fact that people cannot be forced to seek help against their will, unless special circumstances are present like being ordered by the court to do so. The NIAAA website offers eight steps for people who want to aid alcoholics who are unwilling to seek help. The first step, stopping â€Å"cover ups†, calls for those closely related to the alcoholic to finally make him or her accountable for the consequences arising from the addiction, instead of presenting excuses for the afflicted individual to others. This may be quite a difficult process, since our initial reaction would be to â€Å"protect† family or friends. When putting things in perspective however, we may eventually come to the conclusion that allowing alcoholics to be accountable to the products of their actions would be a much better option than continuing to risk his or her life because of our consent in their addiction. By taking this step, we are actually starting to really offer protection to them. An attempt must then be made to talk to the drinker. It was recommended that this be done immediately after any conflict or problem developed due to alcohol abuse. This must be done in a private setting where both parties involved must be calm and sober. One can choose places where relaxed feelings are being evoked like the bedroom, or any other location where your conversation is not likely to be disturbed. By accomplishing this step, the alcoholic individual is shown that their rights are still being respected, while at the same time emphasizing the seriousness of your intentions. The third step calls for the concerned individual to voice out his or her growing anxiety regarding the alcoholic’s substance abuse, and how this has developed problems, including the most recent conflict. If the alcoholic has a tendency of being verbally or physically abusive towards people when drunk, this would be the appropriate time to mention it. Choose words which would be most effective in finally making the afflicted individual aware of just how grave the situation really is. Consequences of the drinker’s refusal to get help must then be stated next. These may include things such as moving out of the house. The site mentions that this is not a form of punishment for the drinker, but is performed to protect people close to the individual from harm. One should always be prepared to perform the statements that were mentioned at this stage and not simply bank on making empty threats. The degree of just how radical your threats would be, should of course, depend largely on the offenses made by the alcoholic mentioned in the third step. In the fourth step, a schedule may then be made for the local counselor or organization within the area, after gathering data on possible options for treatment and the alcoholic gives his or her consent. With regards to this, one can locate the best possible sources of help via the internet or by consulting the local directory. When the scenario arises that the alcoholic would refuse to cooperate, a friend may be called upon to perform the first four steps. Choose a friend who the alcoholic has great trust in, or perhaps someone who has already undergone rehabilitation themselves. Individuals with past experiences dealing with alcohol problems may be very effective at this point, since they may provide deeper insight on how the rehabilitation process works. They may also provide the needed moral support when the alcoholic finally relents to seek professional help. Another option might be to confront the alcoholic as a group. With a group, one would essentially obtain several inputs regarding the situation. One of these ideas could prove to be the critical element in the alcoholic’s decision-making process. Coming face-to-face with several people may also heighten the situation’s level of gravity as perceived by the alcoholic. This step however, must always be performed under the supervision of a trained health care professional familiar with such matters to ensure. A briefing may be done prior to the confrontation to ensure that no actions detrimental to the goal of making the patient seek help will be committed. Lastly, individuals who live or know alcoholics might want to join groups such as Alateen, which caters to children of alcoholics. Organizations such as these provide the needed information and support for people who are closely connected to alcoholics to watch out for themselves, whether the alcoholic chooses to get help or not. If the alcoholic was physically abusive during the drunken state, it would of course be wise to know the options that one has in the situation. By getting adequate information, misery and regrets might be avoided by a lot of people, like averting situations when an alcoholic would inflict lifelong physical deformities on people close to him. Alcoholism is a disease that cannot be totally cured but people can at least recover from it and return to a normal way of life. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism website mentions how an effective program of medication and counseling may aid individuals in their struggle towards stopping alcohol abuse. Although the effects may vary from one person to the other, just like in other illnesses, the Institute firmly believes in the effectiveness of alcohol treatment. Family, friends, counselors and organizations such as Alcoholics Anonymous may offer the needed help and support towards the recovery of the afflicted individual. Sometimes, entering a detox center may even be necessary since this recovery process can be extremely difficult. In fact, some withdrawal reactions may include high fever, loss of appetite, nausea, uncontrollable shaking, hallucinations and even possible coma or death (Snyder 40). Limiting an individual’s intake of alcohol is deemed an ineffective strategy for alcoholics. Stopping the substance abuse may call for the outright absence of alcohol in one’s life. Some medications have been recommended to help alcoholics with regards to this. These include disulfiram (Antabuse ®), naltrexone (Depade ®, ReVia ®) and acamprosate (Campral ®). They may aid an alcoholic in alcohol reduction if not abstinence. Each type of medicine works in a different way. One’s craving for alcohol may be reduced, deter symptoms from alcohol abstinence from manifesting or make a person feel sick after alcohol consumption. No one medication however is deemed totally effective. Each case must still be assessed carefully before choosing which type of medicine to take. Just as much as alcoholics should not be feared, they should also not be loathed by our society. As mentioned in the earlier part of the essay, some people develop the drinking habit out of their perceived inability to handle problems. At the onset, this â€Å"habit† may actually be curbed through adequate attention and moral support being given to the individual by friends and family. Parents who try to educate their children on proper or social drinking might be doing their children a big favor, instead of letting young kids have their first drinking experience with peers. They can include ideas on just how much â€Å"too much† to drink is, as well as place specific rules on what activities to avoid upon consuming alcohol (driving, swimming, and other risky activities). Valuable insights may also be gleaned by parents from the experience of drinking with their children regarding their child’s behavior when engaging in the activity, and if the situation should arise, when their kids are drunk. If a person does get afflicted with the disease, there would still be many options available to counter the disease as mentioned before. Although it could prove to be a lifelong struggle, there are individuals who have been able to master the affliction and become successful people in society, with famed writer Stephen King being one of them. The issue of alcoholism is clearly not an easy one to confront not only for those mired in this addiction, but also for the people around them. Although the fight to recovery may not be easy, the right attitude from all the people involved combined with proper education on the topic, could mean the difference for the health and safety of many people within our country. With the right approach, we can finally see the handling of alcoholism as an issue of giving second opportunities and success, instead of resigning ourselves to its usual tragic outcome. Works Cited â€Å"Alcoholism. † Labtestsonline. org. 1 May 2008 http://www. labtestsonline. org/understanding/conditions/alcoholism. html Chopra, Deepak, M. D. Overcoming Addictions. New York: Three Rivers Press, 1997. â€Å"FAQ for the General Public. † Niaaa. nih. gov. 1 May 2008 http://www. niaaa. nih. gov/FAQs/General-English/default. htm â€Å"Impaired Driving. † Cdc. gov. 1 May 2008 http://www. cdc. gov/ncipc/factsheets/drving. htm Mack, Avram H. M. D. , John E. Franklin, M. D. , and Richard J. Frances M. D. Treatment of Alcoholism and Addictions. New Jersey: American Psychiatric Publishing Inc. , 2001. Snyder, Solomon H. M. D. The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Drugs – Alcohol and Alcoholism. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1992. Somer, Elizabeth. 10 Habits That Mess Up a Woman’s Diet. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006. â€Å"Types of Drinkers. † Alcoholtreatmentclinics. com. 1 May 2008 http://www. alcoholtreatmentclinics. com/types-of-drinkers/ â€Å"U. S. POPClock Projection. † Census. gov. 1 May 2008 http://www. census. gov/population/www/popclockus. html â€Å"Understanding Alcoholism. † Campral. com. 1 May 2008 http://www. campral. com/und-alc. aspx How to cite Alcohol and its Effects on the Human Body, Papers

Nursing Career Essay Example For Students

Nursing Career Essay Nursing as a career appeals to a lot of people, but a lack of information and proper instruction tends to be a hindrance and setbacks to a lot of potential nurses from venturing into it fully. But however, they need to have specific personal qualities to succeed in this profession, including to be compassionate, caring, kind and friendly. Outline1 What is nursing?2 Nursing as a Career3 Roles of Nurses4 Nursing Concepts and processes5 Qualities/Attributes of Nursing6 Conclusion What is nursing? Nursing can be said to be the career within the healthcare sector that engrossed on the care of families, individuals, communities to maintain or recover the quality of life and optimal health. This job can also be referred to by four different and specialist roles namely; mental health, disability, pediatric, and geriatric. These group of skilled and qualified professionals are dynamic and work in every type of health setting from patient’s home to surgeries providing service for countless people in need, ill or vulnerable each year. Nursing as a Career If you are interested in choosing this career, you need to be aware of nursing concepts, processes and practice starting with the requests. The first step in understanding these procedures is registering with your country’s nursing board. This will serve as an introduction to the nursing career. Then depending on the country you reside, after having your vocational-specific degree, you will need additional qualification, for example, in the United States, after the basic education, you must pass the NCLEX-RN examination; while in the United Kingdom, it is a must you register with the nursing and midwifery council. It is very important to check your educational requirement and local registration before pursuing this kind of career. In some countries such as the United Kingdom, the government may fund your training by providing stipends and tuition fees so you won’t have expenses to deal with during or at the end of your degree. Roles of Nurses A large responsibility of patients’ care is usually entrusted to an individual in this field especially as a skilled and qualified one. The roles of nurses include: Administering treatments and medicines described by doctors Helping to analyze result after performing diagnostic tests Consulting with other health personnel who are professional such as pharmacist or doctors Enlightening patients on how to manage illness or injuries both at home and long-term Making records of finding after observing the patient The exciting part of these roles is that it can be done as part of a large team which may include doctors, pharmacists, physiotherapist and more making your workday challenging, fast-paced and highly rewarding irrespective of your nursing specialization. Nursing Concepts and processes In providing ultimate care to patients, nurses implement the nursing care plan using its processes which is based on a specific nursing concept selected based on the population served and care setting.   Like other professions, this job has developed different theories derived from nursing concepts, processes, and practices. Examples of specialist areas in the nursing field are: Orthopedic Oncology In informatics domain Telenursing Perioperative Palliative Cardiac Obstetrical Qualities/Attributes of Nursing The one choosing to do this job should possess important qualities that will outline these concepts and ethics. Some of the attributes of this job should possess include:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Kindness: it is not everyone that is comfortable seeing a health professional, they may get scared and frightened in the first instance, but a kind approach from a medical person can ease the patient fear.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ability to work in a team: Working as a team is a key to the success of any organization, and this also applies to nursing, as working together in a team make it easier to despatch all duties with ultimate ease.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Emotional empathy: Dealing with a lot of people in different situations can be overwhelming. But being emotionally empathic will help in building a strong rapport with any patient you come across to treat.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Integrity: working in the medical domain demands integrity, they need to have patient confidentiality and have the integrity to abide by it irrespective of the circumstance. .u31656b45979814a89e16d6f1ce8b941c , .u31656b45979814a89e16d6f1ce8b941c .postImageUrl , .u31656b45979814a89e16d6f1ce8b941c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u31656b45979814a89e16d6f1ce8b941c , .u31656b45979814a89e16d6f1ce8b941c:hover , .u31656b45979814a89e16d6f1ce8b941c:visited , .u31656b45979814a89e16d6f1ce8b941c:active { border:0!important; } .u31656b45979814a89e16d6f1ce8b941c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u31656b45979814a89e16d6f1ce8b941c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u31656b45979814a89e16d6f1ce8b941c:active , .u31656b45979814a89e16d6f1ce8b941c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u31656b45979814a89e16d6f1ce8b941c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u31656b45979814a89e16d6f1ce8b941c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u31656b45979814a89e16d6f1ce8b941c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u31656b45979814a89e16d6f1ce8b941c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u31656b45979814a89e16d6f1ce8b941c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u31656b45979814a89e16d6f1ce8b941c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u31656b45979814a89e16d6f1ce8b941c .u31656b45979814a89e16d6f1ce8b941c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u31656b45979814a89e16d6f1ce8b941c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Western Expansion Of The U.S. Essay ThesisThese skills, along with your qualifications and professional competence are what should be emphasized on, by those who want to venture into the nursing field. Conclusion Nursing requires a lot of dedication, handwork, education, right mannerism to be able to deal with difficult situations and patients. Saving people’s lives isn’t as easy as it seems, as you will face a lot of tragedies and hardships which can result in a stressful break. But it is excellent to know nursing, because people are looking for this kind of employee all over the world due to the shortage of skilled person who works in this domain. All you need is to get the right qualification and skills, then start your nursing as a career.

Business strategies †Apple Inc

Introduction The business strategies used by Apple Inc. are evident and considerable. They have helped the company to remain competitive in the market and enhance its competitive advantages in the electronics industry. Through the use of â€Å"Bowman’s Strategy Clock†, various business and marketing provisions emerge in regard to Apple inc.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business strategies – Apple Inc specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bowman’s Strategy Clock refers to a scheme used in marketing to explore the competitive position of an organisation. This must be compared to the competitive abilities of other business rivals. The model was established by Cliff Bowman and David Faulkner to elaborate on the 3 Porter standard strategies, which consider competitive advantages of an organisation in relation to cost advantage/differentiation advantage. Business strategies refer to how an org anisation analyses, understands, and meets the needs of its respective customers (Pride Ferrell 2006, P.7). Organisations produce and sell commodities that address such needs with precision. Evidently, Apple Inc. has managed to address the unique demands of its customers with various products including the iPhone 4 and iPad tablets. A stringent and appropriate marketing concept is a combination of values and considerations made explicitly to address customers’ needs. Nevertheless, these aspects relate to marketing concepts, market segmentation, targeting markets, marketing strategies, and positioning strategies adopted by Apple in regard to Bowman’s Strategy Clock. Business strategies discussed in regard to Apple Inc. Targeting strategy Apple Inc. has selected its specific target markets for prompt service provision. Customers demand goods, which satisfy their needs with utmost satisfaction (Lamb, Hair McDaniel 2011, p. 274). It is from this context that the entire b usiness prospects lie in selecting the target market. Additionally, the need to execute efficient production mechanisms has always helped Apple Inc. in delivering its business objectives as it addresses its targeted customers’ demands. In this regard, the company is aware that consumers usually go for products, which are of considerable quality and widely available at affordable costs.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By understanding these provisions, Apple Inc. strives to produce quality and affordable electronic products that address its targeted customers’ demands. It is possible to stay afloat in the market if a company considers the needs of its clients. This is an important provision in various contexts. Additionally, emerging with novel products, which embraces the aspects of technology among other provisions is a considerable move to both companies. It is crucial to consider the production capabilities of such clients in the entire context. Importantly, the products namely iPhone 4 and iPad among others target a wider range of customer segments. They have been given a wider market distribution to enhance their accessibility and help in reducing their costs at various marketplaces as they address specific market demands. Assessing Apple Inc.s’ prospects in terms of ‘suitability, acceptability and feasibility’ Apple Inc. has managed to structure its target markets and production systems to attain low cost products mentioned earlier. Contextually, this is an important occurrence in the business realms. It is from this concept that numerous organisational business strategies emanate (Ferrell Hartline 2011, P. 25). Managing to uphold the aspects of business production and capabilities in order to reduce costs and other characterising factors is an important provision in the business realms. Apple has a specific pop ulation, which it targets with its products. The aspects of market segmentation, business strategies, and target marketing usually contribute constructively. For example, Apple Inc. has to analyse its target markets in order to produce products that will address customers’ unique demands. Concurrently, iPhone 4 has various features that meet considerable demands of various customers. It targets customers belonging to some social class and literacy. In this context, it has been possible for the company to analyse its market segments and produce products that are appropriate to them. The need to meet the market demands with novel products usually plays critical roles in this context. Another concept in this phenomenon is the pricing and distribution capabilities of the company involved immediately after designing and producing its products (Drummond Ensor 2005, P. 75). They need such pricing capabilities to address the economic capabilities of the target market.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business strategies – Apple Inc specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, Samsung has managed to attain massive business opportunities with its Samsung Galaxy S 2 due to fair pricing, appropriateness, and extensive distribution. From this concept, it is evident that companies require massive business opportunities in order to attain their business strategies with appropriate production mechanisms. Contextually, increasing the volume of production will eventually reduce the costs, cut prices, increase sales, enhance revenues, and augment profitability as it sells massively to the target market. These provisions indicate Apple’s prospects in terms of ‘suitability, acceptability and feasibility’. Strategic marketing Apple managed to attain its strategic goals through appropriate strategic marketing provisions. This relates to focusing resources on identified opportun ities in order to increase productivity, sales, and profitability (Lamb, Hair McDaniel 2011, p. 35). This has allowed the company to attain considerable competitive advantages. In this context, the company has managed to embrace the aspects of product concept. Evidently, customers require products that meet their demands with appropriateness. This helps in curbing unnecessary product rejections by the customers who usually demand quality products (Blanchard 2010, P. 42). They are also able to assess the quality and performance provisions of the concerned product. This can massively affect their buying trends (Rajagopal, 2000). As a marketing concept and a component of strategic marketing, the product provisions must be considered by the concerned company to ensure that they only provide appropriate products that address the demands of targeted clients. Apple has strived to provide products that precisely meet the quality standards desired by the customers. Consequently, it has inve stigated what the customers demand with regard to quality and other provisions evident in this context. Additionally, it is important that both companies consider the provisions of performance in its products. Additionally, the ability to provide the targeted customers with more than what they expected as evident in the iPhone 4’s context is of some considerable provisions. Additionally, it is important to augment the aspects of quality as witnessed in the Apple Inc.’s products as a component of strategic marketing. The aspects of quality act as promotional agents regardless of countless advertisements.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Whenever customers realise that what the concerned company provides is of quality, they will remain loyal clients (Gupta 2006, P. 65). This is a crucial provision when considered critically and evaluated contextually with regard to the two companies (Vilcox Mohan 2007, p. 16). Upon SWOT analysis, it is evident that the company has considerable strengths, some weaknesses, bountiful business opportunities, and considerable threats. For example, ability to produce quality products has acted as the company’s strength. Since clients would prefer commodities that embrace quality, performance, and innovative features, this becomes a critical provision in this entire context. Additionally, the company has adequate resources, experienced human capital, technological provisions, well-established brand names, considerable market share, and ability to expand among others (Bohm 2009, p. 10). Noticeable weaknesses of the companies in the realms of its business incorporate some hitches in the distribution network, quality aspects, and huge business networks that delay the aspects of decision making (Jain 2011, P. 30). Opportunities in this context incorporate expanding market for its products, globalisation, expanded international business, reduced global business restriction, emergence of technology, and strong brand names indicated earlier (O’grady 2009, P. 26). Conversely, threats incorporate piracy, stringent competition, economic hitches, some unfavourable international business regulations, and others. Nonetheless, the company has massive business strategies proposed by the periodic SWOT analysis on its performance and customer satisfaction globally. Positioning strategy Apple Inc. has established novel foundations of its marketing activities. It has installed marketing campaigns, loyalty programs, and new marketing materials. All these have followed similar positioning and marketing strategies as evident in this context. Evidently, Apple Inc. has manage d to uphold the aspects of selling concepts and positioning strategies in order to capture a considerable market divide, global presence, and market saturation (O’grady 2009, P. 56). Evidently, both companies produce quality products; nonetheless, these can only sell if the company enacts appropriate marketing and positioning strategies that will induce customers to buy the concerned products. Contextually this is an important provision when considered decisively. It is appropriate to consider such provisions before approaching the market with novel products. Due to emergence of technology and other beneficial product provisions, both companies has been introducing fresh product into the market with due appropriateness. Competition and competitors Apple faces credible rivalry from companies like Samsung, Dell, IBM, HP, LG, as well other electronic companies in the market. Based on its unique marketing strategies, it is vital that the company has managed to survive in the mark et despite the challenges (Hoffman Bateson 2009, P. 30). Precisely, it is the aspects of aggressiveness (in the realms of sales) that contributes to the company’s desired promotional provisions. The company has been registering massive sales, turnovers, and profitability despite the negative micro-environmental forces. Upon application of appropriate marketing strategies, it has been possible for the concerned companies to realise massive business results (Richard 2009, p. 214). Determining the target customers, market segment, and the appropriate market strategy for such customers has enabled both companies to enhance its sales and customer focus in various contexts. From this argument, the entire business prospects for Apple Inc. have managed to thrive in the global limelight despite the threatening challenges and stringent competition from other contenders. Conclusion and Recommendation Conclusively, Apple Inc. has managed to enhance its market presence and profitability through establishment of appropriate marketing concepts. Additionally, favourable strategic marketing, macro/micro-environmental forces, market segmentation, targeting markets, marketing strategies, and positioning strategies have equally contributed to its success. It is recommendable to uphold such provisions in the spheres of effectiveness, appropriateness, and prosperity. This is a vital consideration in various contexts. In regard to Bowman’s Strategy Clock, addressing business strategies appropriately augments profits, customer satisfaction, and loyalty. Nevertheless, these has conformed to the aspects of marketing concepts, market segmentation, targeting markets, marketing strategies, and positioning strategies adopted by Apple in regard to Bowman’s Strategy Clock. Reference List Blanchard, D 2010, Supply chain management: best practices, John Wiley, New Jersey, US. Bohm, A 2009, The SWOT Analysis, GRIN Verlag, London, UK. Drummond, G Ensor, J 2005, Introductio n to marketing concepts, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK. Ferrell, O Hartline, M 2011, Marketing strategy, South-Western Cengage Learning, Sydney, AUS. Gupta, D 2006, Marketing library and information services international perspectives, K.G. Saur Press, München, Germany. Hoffman, K Bateson, J 2009, Services marketing: concepts, strategies cases, Cengage Learning Services, Ohio, US. Jain, S 2011, Handbook of research in international marketing, Edward Elgar, New York, US. Lamb, C, Hair J McDaniel, C 2011, Essentials of Marketing, Cengage Learning, Ohio, US. O’grady, J 2009, Apple Inc, Greenwood Press, Connecticut, US. Pride, W Ferrell, O 2006, Marketing: concepts and strategies, Houghton Mifflin Co., Massachusetts, US. Rajagopal, P 2000, Marketing: concepts and cases, New Age International Publishers, New Delhi, India. Vilcox, M Mohan, T 2007, Contemporary issues in business ethics, Nova Science Publishers, New York, US. This essay on Business strategies – Apple Inc was written and submitted by user Marco Avila to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

ALicia keys research paper Essay Example

ALicia keys research paper Essay Example ALicia keys research paper Paper ALicia keys research paper Paper and had millions of fans around the entire world. She would write her own music but was also very private about her personal life. She had a lot of songs about relationships but most of the time they were never personal. She caught the young urban attention because a lot of her music was very touching and related to many people who were going through the same things When she first came out she was a girl artist that had little support and had some to prove given where she grew up. Although she had some struggles growing up, she never let that stop her from getting where she wanted to be. As a way to get off the streets she would dedicate all er time to practice the piano and singing. Her music had a huge impact on the music industry because of where she came from. It also had a blissfulness that overshadowed where she came from. Her music showed the world what else there is to offer and she did Just that. Many artists came out after her in the same kinds of categories and are famous today. No one could ever come aligned to Alicia, but her music was what made other artist comfortable with coming out and showing what they have to offer. American cultures quickly shifted after she came out and were very dedicated and interested in what she would come out with next. She had illions of fans that would line up and wait for her in tears literally, Just so she can perform. Her music was moving and heart rending and would give her fans chills whenever she would walk out on the stage. Alicia also had an impact on American culture because she would go out of her way to always do something with herself. She would try out for acting positions and would quickly get those roles and be a stunning actress. By her doing that , it Just showed that people could be multi talented and to never stop what they wanted to In life. The impact she had on me personal is very huge. When I was growing up I always loved her music and verything she set out forth. I myself am very dedicated to music and I love to play the piano and learn and play all types of music. I remember when I was a little girl I would sneak out of classes and go to the music room where there was a piano and just play all of her music. For me, it was a way to get away from everything I was going through. Her music was deep and had meaning to every single word in the lyrics. To me, that was all I needed. I would do research on her and see what she would be doing and her interests and we were Just interested in the same kinds of things. She was and always will be my biggest idols. When I was younger, I always longed to go to her concert and sit in the audience and Just feel her music in me. By freshman year, I finally got tickets to see her and it was the most amazing experience ever. It meant so much to me that I was actually in tears while she was singing live and it felt so perfect. A few years later, my senior year, I went to go see her again. And this time it was an even better feeling. Her drive and determination to help anyone in her path is what touches me and makes me want to do the same things for my community and everyone around me. When Alicia was in her twenties, she had taken a trip to Africa. This trip changed her life because it showed her the way other people lived and what they had to go through. When she got there she realized that people really do have hard lives and that her music and her voice could quickly make people have faith and believe that there is light at the end of the tunnel. After talking to people who lived in the village that she visited, she realized that she needed to do foundation called Keep A Child Alive. This foundation accepts donations and anything that can help support and provide for these people in numerous countries to help them prosper and grow from the hard conditions that they all live in. Once she created this foundation I heard about it and I was old enough to talk to my mom and tell her I wanted to donate to it or do research to try and help. This was moving to me because it showed me that there still is a whole other world than Just in America and that not everyone has it as good as we do. Just knowing that Alicia would do anything to try and help others made me feel like I can do the same thing. This led me to volunteer and help people and show that I am committed to my community and would do anything to help. I would help at local food drives, food banks, and homeless shelters and even after school programs. Alicia Keys has always been a huge factor in my life and shaped me to who I am today. She opened my eyes and showed me that there is way more out there in life than Just what is right in front of our faces. Two of my favorite songs by Alicia Keys are Tell you Something and Brand New Me. The song Tell You Something is a song about living everyday like it is your last and to cherish the time you have with the people around you who you love. The song is personal to her because she wrote this about her grandmother. She wrote this because she felt that it is important to get everything off your chest when its ecessary. She thought it was a bad idea to ever wait, so instead she says brings up the question What if there was no tomorrow? She preaches that its important to love and cherish everything that you have. Some themes that stand out in this song are Relationships and lifestyles. If you live your life everyday like it is your last and cherish everyone who is in it, you have nothing to regret in the future. In her eyes, relationships are key but everyone has to do their part to maintain them. This song was written with a sad kind of melody in the background. It was mellow and had a atchy tune to it to show emotion and importance in it. The song Brand New Me is also personal to her because she starts to talk about her growth and how she has grown over the years. She talks about her opening her eyes and realizing that there is more to life. This song has many themes in it as well. It can relate to relationships, lifestyles, and social issues. A lot of people can connect to this song because it talks about self growth and how people change and can change for the better. She even states in the song that people shouldnt be surprised that she is changing and that she is a better person than she ever was before. The beginning of this song starts of slow, but changes to a happier tone to express her happiness on how she has grown and who she has become. All in all, Alicia keys impacted the entire world of music and shaped the music industry to what it has become today. She opened doors to a new type of sound and type of music that had slowly been forgotten. Not only was Alicia a huge factor I the shift in music, but she also did everything she could to change the world and the people in it. Although she is now 32, she still continues to make music and puts a lot of emotion into her lyrics to open peoples eyes.

Personal statement for graduate school Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

For graduate school - Personal Statement Example That night was the turning point in my life. It made me realize a few things that I should be grateful for. However, feeling appreciative of these amazing gifts was not the only way to express my gratitude for what I have been privileged to possess. Rather, it is the contribution I could make in the society in order to share what I have been fortunate to have that actually matters. I understood right at that moment that the only way I could repay my parents for all the sacrifices they made for me in getting a good education is to do what my father had hoped I could do best in the society; that is, to help and share my knowledge in the field of Applied Math and Statistics. As the years passed, I have come to realize that the road to my goal was not that easy. Like most students who grew up in a normal school in the United States, every day was a challenge. I went to class, wanting to excel. Unlike others who go to a boarding school where they are disciplined in a stricter way than in a normal school, no one supervised my performances in the classroom. As such, I could have been lazy and lax in my studies. Although my parents were furnished with my grades, they do not get involved in my scholastic performance. It was not because my parents did not support me and help me with my responsibilities in school. Rather, it was their trust in me. They allowed me to direct my studies, from elementary to college and even at present. Furthermore, I did not want to bother my parents with any of my school responsibilities as they already have so much to handle, raising our family and ensuring there was enough food on the table. As such, having only myself to depend on was a far better challenge than obtaining the highest Grade Point Average or GPA in college. Intrapersonal struggle, I have come to realize, was a lot more difficult. Free will becomes a disadvantage instead of an advantage. There was no one else to blame for the consequences of the wrong decisions I would make except myself. Exercising my own free will was so tempting that I thought I just had to exercise mine by choosing not to do my homework assignments, skip classes, and party. There were just so many things I thought I could do that would make my life in school a lot easier. Nevertheless, the thought of an obscure future as a result of choosing the easy way in college was more stressful than doing the right things that were expected of me. My professors and family deserved to see they had trained me well. Others may think being in a normal school from primary up until college is easy, but the truth is, it is the contrary. Because one has more freedom to do things in a normal school than boarding school, practicing diligence is much harder. Nonetheless, it has shaped my personality and my attitude towards learning. The challenge of facing myself and my weaknesses was the toughest, yet the most rewarding. If it had not been for these personal difficulties I had to overcome, I would not recognize my strength in academics. To encourage myself to focus my interests in school, I had to search for that one thing that would ignite my passion for learning. Even at a young age, I had already found myself fascinated by the way mathematics works. This realization of the fun I had while I taking my Math classes from elementary to high school was my motivation. My love for numbers, analyzing problems and solving them kept my life in school on track. I wanted things to be as precise as they could be, just as

A Capstone Experience(Factors and Trends that Influence Strategy Assignment - 2

A Capstone Experience(Factors and Trends that Influence Strategy Development)3 - Assignment Example Investment strategies involve spending on innovation and market diversification. During the recession, businesses that use investment strategies implement strategic change that would not have occurred. The strategies are risky; however, most businesses have excelled in implementing strategic change. The strategies would see the business managers focusing on short-term survival. Additionally, the recession period deprives the business of its resources, therefore, failure in implementing the strategic change. Ambidextrous strategies are a combination of both retrenchment and investment strategies. Businesses that adopt these strategies adapt under recession conditions by cost and asset cutting, and investment in product innovation and market development. The factors to be considered to attain product differentiation during the new post-recession consumer environment is; good business location that creates convenience to the customers, and price differentiation which is giving the customers the value for their money. Luxury goods are items that are not necessary for living, but are highly desired within a society. Marketers should not abandon their efforts to establish premium pricing because where luxury goes, consumers will follow. Luxury brands can charge premium prices as long as the integrity of the product is not compromised (Hayward, 2010). Consumer attitudes have a benefit and demerit to the marketer. Companies have to set strategies based on how consumers think about their product. For example, Wal-Mart offers their goods at lower prices to attract more customers. Lower prices in Wal-Mart are a motivation employed by the store to market their product in these hard economic times (Dean,

Biology- Research Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Biology- Research Assignment - Essay Example Clinical symptoms of genitourinary TB include hematuria (blood in the urine), flank pain, urinary frequency, and painful urination (Herchline, 2012). Meanwhile, tuberculous meningitis results when the subependymally-located pathogen affects the subarachnoid space (Mohan and Sharma, 2004). Symptoms indicative of this disease presents with a 2-3 week exanthema consisting of low-grade fever, body malaise, and headache, which evolves to cause damage to the cerebral arteries and cranial nerves (Golden and Vikram, 2005). This may lead to hemeparesis, seizures, increased intracranial pressure, and coma. A common endocrine organ infected by M. tuberculosis is the adrenal glands, causing tuberculous Addison’s disease (Kelestimur, 2004). This results in adrenocortical deficiency which presents as body fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, nausea, decrease in blood pressure, and skin hyperpigmentation. Non-pulmonary tuberculosis is acquired when an individual is exposed to aerosols of a person with active pulmonary tuberculosis such as during sneezing, talking, or coughing (Fauci et al., 2008). When the organism is inhaled, it gets deposited in the airways but may not necessarily establish infection there. It may be carried hematogenously or through the lymphatics to the other parts of the body and infect other organs. In addition, primary pulmonary tuberculosis can spread to different organs via hematogenous dissemination especially in immunocompromised individuals like HIV-infected patients (Golden and Vikram, 2005). Once inside the body, the organism activates a macrophage-activating cell-mediated immune (CMI) response and tissue-damaging response (Fauci et al., 2008). The CMI results in activation of macrophages to engulf and supposedly kill the pathogen. However, M. tuberculosis is equipped with mechanisms that allow it to survive and multiply within the macrophages.

Issues Of Premarital Sex And Promiscuity

Issues Of Premarital Sex And Promiscuity This essay will discuss the issues of premarital sex and promiscuity of both Ellistons and Punzos theories. Premarital sex (Punzos definition) means two persons engaging in sexual intercourse without full commitment while promiscuity (Ellistons explanation) is characterized as to have sex with various people without commitment. In the comparison of both philosophers, Punzo is considered the conservative theorist while Elliston is supporting casual sex with a variety of people. In Punzos theory, sexual intercourse, such intimate act, must involve a deep commitment between the two persons. However, Elliston would argue that sexual intercourse does not require any deep thinking or consideration of commitment as if it is not a big deal. How would Punzo react to Ellistons theory of promiscuity-to have sex with a series of people with no intention to any commitment other than the act of sexual intercourse? How does Elliston support his argument that promiscuity should be allowed and under what conditions is promiscuity morally permissible? Other issues such as sex with someone one hopes to love, sex with a friend, or recreational sex with an acquaintance is wrong or not will also be included. All these issues will be discussed in details with both philosophers arguments and theories. Elliston: Elliston defines promiscuity with the elaboration and combinations of the definitions of Oxford English Dictionary and Websters New Twentieth Century Dictionary. Promiscuity, according to Elliston, the word has no descriptive content, but only emotive and/or hortatory forceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦It is to condemn a practice or person as promiscuous is simply to express feelings of disapproval, or issue a prohibitive Stop! This position attempts to resolve the issue of meaning by limiting promiscuity to its emotional or prescriptive force. The Oxford English Dictionary defines promiscuous as: without distinction, discrimination or order. Websters New Twentieth Century Dictionary adds: engaging in sexual intercourse indiscriminately or with many persons.Promiscuity, according to Elliston, is too broad and begs the question at hand. For the promiscuous person clearly does draw some distinctions: typically he or she does not derive sexual satisfaction from a lovers shoe or copulate with a dead body or a sibling. These would be more precisely called fetishism, necro philia, or incest. Promiscuity is sometimes identified with free love. This persuasive definition may induce some to accept this sexual pattern because freedom, like motherhood, is a good everyone is supposed to espouse. Promiscuity may be identified with recreational sex-intercourse just for the fun of it(Elliston 142- 143.Despite the above definition, Elliston created his own definition of promiscuity that better suits his arguments. Promiscuity is defined as sex with a series of other adults not directly related through marriage and with no commitments; no promises of affection, sexual exclusivity in future (Elliston 144). In Ellistons definition of promiscuity, it must include the following 5 components: I. Promiscuity demands copulation-its telos is sexual intercourse. II. Repetition is essential-the pursuit of a new partner must recur. III. Both partners must be adults IV. The couple cannot be directly related throughmarriage. V. Promiscuity is noncommittal sex.Elliston explains his objections to sex without commitment would lead to deception and exploitation by clarifying the personality of promiscuous people that would cause such results. According to the popular prototype, promiscuous people are unfaithful and unreliable: they break promises, say things that are not true, and use others for their own sexual gratification. If this prototype were true, promiscuity would indeed be wrong, because it would violate familiar moral rules: people are supposed to keep their promises, tell the truth, and not deceive or exploit others (Elliston 146). People who only want to get others in-bed just to have sexual intercourse with the other by lying, deceiving, and exploiting, and similar acts, are wrong. It is wrong because it violates the well-established ethical principles, not promiscuity. The moral fault lies not in noncommittal sex but in the lies, deceptions, and exploitation to which some happens to have recourse in order to have intercourse. This defense is complicated by the fact that a double standard is operative within large segments of society: men are allowed to sow their wild oats, whereas women are denigrated as loose or fallen for the same behaviour. Promiscuity is to the advantage of males and to the disadvantage of femalesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it becomes exploitive in a more subtle fashion: men receive sexual gratification; women receive social condemnationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it is not promiscuity that is wrong, but the double standard that places promiscuous women at a disadvantage in comparison to promiscuous menà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦since promiscuity cannot be shown to be wrong in all cases, the charge that it necessarily violates generally accepted moral principles is false(Elliston 146). The above statements from Elliston are saying that the double standard should be removed, not the promiscuity, because it is the double standard that puts female in a disadvantage situation to promiscuous women. Elliston explains his objections to sex without commitment would threatens personal emotional security and growth by using Bertoccis theory to support his argument. According to Bertocci, premarital sex is wrong by implication against promiscuity which threatens personal emotional security. He argues that the sexual demand outside of marriage demonstrates a lack of self-discipline in people who cannot control their desires, and fails to show respect and consideration for those on who the demand is placed. Such undisciplined and inconsiderate behavior places needless strain on the relationship, threatening to destroy whatever values it embodies (Elliston 147). Elliston explains that Bertoccis perception of incoherent or irrational behaviour is actually a self-conscious refusal to be directed by the western norm and that promiscuous people should not be faulted for failing to regulate their actions according to a principle they reject (Elliston 147). Elliston also agrees that promiscuity entail inconsiderateness only if respect is defined in terms of the western norm is promiscuity necessarily disrespectful Acknowledging the others freedom to engage or not engage in noncommittal sex demonstrates some degree of respect (Elliston 147). Promiscuity threatens the values of the relation (of the committed couples) which depends on what really is considered valuable; it could be pleasure, freedom, and respect which it should not and need not be jeopardized. Bertocci believes that emotional tensions and guilt feelings that arise from violating the taboos against non-marital sex corrode the relation. The act of promiscuity is also considered risk an d challenge to the marriage or the committed relationship. Sex is body language through the form of bodily interaction of two persons that leads to pleasure, but also has more in-depth meanings behind that; according to Elliston, sex is more than thrusts and moans, caresses and sighsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦just as verbal language has a dimension of meaning beyond phonemes and morphemes, so body language has a significance beyond the intertwining of two bodiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Promiscuity has instrumental value in that it can facilitate the mastery of one kind of body languageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦sexual body language is learned through sexual interactionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦experiences enable an individual to develop a repertoire of gestures for communicating desire and affection and of decisive movements that clearly state intentions of love or amusement. People can be moved not only by the things we say but also by the things we do-with them, for them, or to themà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦desire and satisfaction can be communicated not only through verbal exchanges, but also through a lingering look and an appreciative caress. To a shattered ego a physical embrace may express far more reassurance than its verbal counterparts, and a kiss may convey desire more eloquently than pleas or poemsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦The observance of this etiquette is an acknowledgement of the selfhood of the other. The acquisition of it is one of the opportunities promiscuity provides(Elliston 149). Based on Ellistons statements above, promiscuity in the sex as a body language will improve ones language skills through the practices of promiscuity with a variety of sexual acts with a wider range of people outside of marriage or committed-relationships. The point of his analogy between sex and dining are both appetites whose satisfaction is socially regulated (Elliston 150). As married couples would be seen in the views of the society as one man is only allowed to dine with one woman; which is referring that dining with only one person means that in a marriage, both of the couples are (traditionally) only allowed to have sexual intercourse within themselves and no third party is acceptable. Since having sex and dining both satisfies ones appetites and while eating can be accompanied by zero to many people, then masturbation (alone) and sex with more than one person should be allowed with different sex positions or styles. Dining with a variety of menu choices or having sex with more than one person will increase the variety of choice which will also maximize the spice of life; therefore, one will not be bored of the having the same meal or sexual experience through repetition. The results of the above changes of menu or sex partners would guarantee to enhance sex lives physically and mentally (meaningful). This practice of promiscuity has expanded the form of sexual behavior from mere bodily interaction for pleasure to a form of corporeal dialogue (Elliston 150). Elliston made his existential defense of promiscuity by analyzing Heideggers theory to elaborate and explain his argument of authentic sexuality as an existential defense of promiscuity. (150). Authentic sexuality, in Ellistons definition, requires a similar openness to others. Commitments are changes that bind us to some and excludes us from others, blinders that narrow down the field of social praxis to a privileged one (monogamy) or few (friendship (Elliston 150). So to extract a variety of aspect of the human personality involves a wide range of networking and social interaction (in this sense, social means sexual interaction). To maximize healthy sexual development, one needs be open to various erotic aspects of social existence. Furthermore, promiscuity provides this openness through freedom from emotional and sexual commitment (Elliston 151). According to Elliston, having sex with a person first is compulsory before deciding whether to love that person or not; basically, having sex first would be the pre-stage of whether that persons sexual skills or chemistry through sexual intercourse would allow one to decide whether to love this person is feasible or not. Therefore, Elliston agrees that promiscuity would work or should be allowed because one can have sex with many others in order to build a profile of sexual skills and experiences which would increase the harmony of ones sexual gratification in his/her marriage. For example, sex with many others thats not the spouse would increase ones skills and expertise in sexual experience, then one can use such increased knowledge and skills to satisfy his/her beloved spouse to a higher extent; therefore, it would lead to happier sexual experience in the marriage which would also satisfy both spouses sexual desire and increase love affections for one another. Having sex with many others, one will know the ideal person he/she would find compatible to commit with and have sex with love would lead them to a higher degree of satisfaction of not only physically, but also mentally; sex with someone who one loves and with that persons appreciation, understanding and acknowledging ones complete self, one would become more complete and satisfied as a full person. Elliston would think that having sex with someone one hopes to love is ideal because sex with that person with pre-mindset of hoping to love him/her would increase the mental satisfaction; so having sex with that person would actually give one a clearer view of whether to really love that person or not. This is because one has already experienced the most intimate contact, sexual intercourse, with that person and one would recognize the feasibility of loving that person or not in the long run. Recreation sex with an acquaintance, in Ellistons view, would be ideal but so long as both parties have the mutual understanding of whether commitment is included or not. Therefore, recreational sex or any sexual encounter should be allowed as long as the act does not violate the ethical principles; no one is or should be deceived, misinterpreted, or have sex under the commitment of lies. Punzo: Sex before marriage or sex without commitment is wrong in Punzos opinion. Punzo answered the first question of is pre-marital sex without commitment wrong? by using Wilsons theory of sexual intercourse to compare with playing tennis and Chessers theory of two persons engaged in premarital sex has no difference comparing to going to see movies together. Basically both Wilson and Chesser find it normal and nothing morally wrong about premarital sex. Meanwhile, Punzo disagrees with both of them that it is the acquisitive character of our society that has blinded us to the distinction between the two activities (Punzo 118). Going to the movies or playing tennis with many others are general activities that everyone can encounter; it does not necessary have to be the same people that one would engage in sexual activity with. However, sexual intercourse, in Punzos view, must be only between two committed persons; therefore, sex without commitment is wrong. In Punzos argument of existential integrity is explained by his statements below: It is the unchaste person who is separating himself from his sexuality, who is willing to exchange human bodies as one would exchange money for tickets to a baseball game-honestly and with no commitment of self to self. The sexuality of man is seen as an integral part of his subjectivity. Hence, the chaste man rejects depersonalized sexual relations as a reduction of man in his most intimate physical being to the status of an object or pure instrument for another. He will not freely make of himself in his bodily existence a thing to be handed over to anothers possession, nor will he ask hat another treat his own body in this way. The total physical intimacy of sexual intercourse will be an expression of total union with the other self on all levels of their beings. Seen from this perspective, chastity is one aspect of mans attempt to attain existential integrity, to accept his body s a dimension of his total personality(Punzo 119). Punzo agrees that sex involves reveling oneself psychologically to the other in a way that is potentially self-, or life-, altering because commitment is a must before sex. Through sex, two persons give themselves to each other in the aspects of trust, expressing one anothers mind, feelings and affections through the most intimate activity-sexual intercourse. Although, Elliston agrees that sex involves reveling oneself psychologically to the other in a way that is potentially self-, or life- altering (in the future sense), but his theory is within a lesser serious extent; in the early stage, one only gives itself physically to many possible partners, then he/she will find a person that is compatible to commit with and then gives that person all his/her psychological self. Punzos view of Ellistons analogy between sex and dining is a faulty analogy because dining and sex are different in an extreme that it has nothing to connect both as if they are the same in terms of moral and social aspects. Dining can be with any or many others that does not involve sexual intimacy while sex is the most special activity that must be encountered with ones most special person (spouse). Dining (eating) and sex gives people satisfactions, but these satisfactions are totally different; food gives people satisfaction of hunger, while sex gives people a deeper sexual connection of two peoples bonding; this satisfaction occurs to enhance the intimate (romantic) personal relation. Ellistons theory is to have sex with one or many others before love exists, while Punzos theory is to have love or commitment before sexual intercourse. The moral perspectives of both philosophers are totally opposite in this perspective; therefore, Punzo would not agree with Ellistons analogy of s ex and dining because it violates his own philosophy. Evaluation and original position: A defect of Ellistons arguments or views is that the benefits of having sex with a series of persons is actually not only increasing the skills of ones sexual ability, but also diminishing the value of the specialness of the most intimate activity of sexual intercourse. As we all know that having sex with someone (only one person) that we love is the most fantastic feeling of being complete as full persons with the one we love (spouse or beloved one). Engaging in sexual activities with a variety of people and then claiming to be in love with their spouse is not a rational theory; it is also confusing and unreasonable that promiscuity does not damage the committed relationship. It is hard to understand or imagine how one could love a person so much that he/she would still have sex other people? Maybe the excuses would be to increase or maximize the sexual skills or abilities to satisfy ones beloved through outsourcing, but the actual reason is to satisfy ones ego of being better or the best at that activity. If such ego is more important, then sex with anyone would increase ones satisfaction and it doesnt have to be with love. So the value and specialness of having sex the committed one would decrease; since he/she does it with a lot of others, how can one prove that having sex with the spouse is better or more special? Sex without full commitment, one alienates oneself through uncommitted sex; this view may not be completely correct, one can have sex without full commitment but he/she may find out more of oneself-it does not necessarily alienate oneself just because one does not have the full commitment for the other person. A flaw of Punzos statement of full commitment is not clarified; what is full commitment mean? Does full commitment have to be a legal documentation that proves two persons are married or common-law couples are not considered fully committed? Commitment can be personal views; for example, a couple that is only dating but they have the hope to marry each other in the future. Does their engagement of sexual intercourse consider without full commitment? Punzo should clarify his definition of full commitment because different people have different perspective based on the term. Punzos philosophy is more reasonable in that sex must involve commitment at some point. Sex union is not simply a union of organs, but is as intimate and as total a physical union of two selves as is possible of achievement (Punzo 118). When having sex with a person (obviously with commitment), one is definitely giving his/her most intimate expression and feelings that one would not normally show to any other people. Under the conditions of mutual understanding and respect that pre-marital sex is not going to affect each other negatively, but to promote and increase the harmony of the two persons relationship. If pre- marital sex involves the intention of future commitment, such as marriage, it would be ideal. If pre-marital sex is allowed, then protection such as pregnancy control must be involved because unprotected sex is not desirable and it would be considered as a negative impact to the couples. The above arguments rely on the prescription of understanding and respect of both persons; concerns to avoid harms such as to prevent unprotected sex and pregnancy would not destroy the foundation they are building. It also promotes future harmony between those two such as working hard to build their own future or start a family. Other moral principles may be the friends and familys perceptions of how they perceive pre-marital sex; if they think it is morally unacceptable or degrading the traditiona l value of sex, then it may cause pressure and limit the couples activities. Conclusion: In conclusion, both philosophers have their pros and cons. Premarital sex should follow Punzos theory of sex and must involve commitment, but not necessarily full commitment. If full commitment means at the stage of marriage, then engaged couples or ready-to-marry couples are not really under his theory of full commitment. For instance, these committed couples whom engage in the act of sexual intercourse should not be consider immoral. Furthermore, Punzos statement of two persons union is not simply a union of organs, but is as intimate and as total a physical union of two selves as is possible of achievement is true; engaging in sexual intercourse two persons is not only giving one another their physical selves, but also psychological selves. In addition, promiscuity must involve all of the five components and should be permitted only if no one is deceived or hurt as a result of promiscuous acts. Furthermore, it is true that Ellistons argument of double standard, that places disadvantage to promiscuous women, should be removed and not promiscuous. Moreover, promiscuous acts are good practices to increase the sexual skills and ability; it is true that the term of practice makes perfect would suit the act of promiscuity.

The Little Ice Age: A World Systems Approach Essays -- Climate Environ

The Little Ice Age: A World Systems Approach In today’s world, after more than a century of the internal combustion engine and the large-scale burning of fossil fuels, the climate has come to the forefront of public debate. As both sides use evidence from past climates to support their points, at the heart of this debate is history. For this reason, as well as for the political implications that the polemics of this issue engenders, objective science and objective historical study must figure prominently, however objectivity should not be subsumed for conformity. Debate is part of the process that brings science closer to truth. The study of climate is no different and the Little Ice Age is an area of study in which there is currently a healthy debate going on. Scholars’ opinions differ on numerous aspects of this period, even to the point of disputing its existence. Topics ranging from a definition of the characteristics of the period to its starting date, and its impacts on human society and hi story are all part of this debate. Among the multiplicity of issues surrounding the Little Ice Age, these are chief and, in order to follow a comprehensible thread, will be the focus of this paper. Describing and analyzing the major views relating to these issues (proposed by historians and non-historians alike) should provide a relatively full picture of the debate and shed light on current thought about the topic. The importance of climate to human history is an issue that has interested historians only relatively recently. According to M.J. Ingram, â€Å"(t)he majority of historians have been content largely to ignore† the implications of long-term climatic change on human societies.[1] Year-to-y... ...s the ‘Little Ice Age’?† in T. Mikame (ed.) Proceedings of the International Symposium on the â€Å"Little Ice Age† Climate. (Tokyo, Department of Geography, Tokyo Metropolitan University 1992) 3 [11] Landsberg 62 [12] Landsberg 62 [13] Landsberg 62 [14] Jean M. Grove. The Little Ice Age. (London and New York, Routledge 1988) 394 [15] Grove, â€Å"The Initiation of the ‘Little Ice Age’ in Regions Round the North Atlantic† 63 [16] Grove The Little Ice Age 260 [17] Ibid 416 [18] Ibid 416 [19] Ibid 391 [20] Grove â€Å"The Initiation of the ‘Little Ice Age’ in Regions Round the North Atlantic† 73 [21] Lamb 307 [22] Ibid 307 [23] Ibid 278 [24] Ibid 219 [25] Ibid 218 [26] Brian Fagan. The Little Ice Age: How Climate Made History, 1300-1850. (New York, Basic Books 2000) xviii [27] Ibid 58 [28] Ibid 165 [29] Ibid 48 [30] Ibid 59